Perl

SSH Commands to a Cisco Switch

Demonstrates establishing an SSH session with a Cisco switch (or similar device) and sending commands in a device console session. Each command is sent, and its output is read up to the device's next prompt.

Note: QuickShell allocates a PTY, which is what a network device console expects. The device presents an interactive prompt, and each command's output is read up to the next prompt.

Background: Network devices differ from general-purpose servers in that they expose a menu- or prompt-driven console rather than a Unix shell, so exec requests are usually unavailable and driving the interactive console is the only option. That makes prompt matching the synchronization mechanism, and it is why a PTY is appropriate here despite the general advice to avoid one. Retrieving the received text between commands is essential: a prompt left in the buffer would make the next receive return immediately with the wrong output.

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Perl

use chilkat();

$success = 0;

#  This example requires the Chilkat API to have been previously unlocked.
#  See Global Unlock Sample for sample code.

#  Demonstrates establishing an SSH session with a Cisco switch (or similar device) and sending
#  commands in a device console session.
#  
#  Note: QuickShell allocates a PTY, which is what a network device console expects.  The device
#  presents an interactive prompt, and each command's output is read up to the next prompt.

$ssh = chilkat::CkSsh->new();

$port = 22;
$success = $ssh->Connect("172.16.16.100",$port);
if ($success == 0) {
    print $ssh->lastErrorText() . "\r\n";
    exit;
}

#  Normally you would not hard-code the password in source.  You should instead obtain it
#  from an interactive prompt, environment variable, or a secrets vault.
$password = "mySshPassword";

$success = $ssh->AuthenticatePw("mySshLogin",$password);
if ($success == 0) {
    print $ssh->lastErrorText() . "\r\n";
    exit;
}

#  Start a shell session.
$channelNum = $ssh->QuickShell();
if ($channelNum < 0) {
    print $ssh->lastErrorText() . "\r\n";
    exit;
}

#  IMPORTANT: Set a read timeout before receiving until a match.  ReadTimeoutMs defaults to 0,
#  which means no limit -- without it, this call waits forever if the received data never
#  contains a match.
$ssh->put_ReadTimeoutMs(15000);

$caseSensitive = 1;

#  The switch presents a prompt ending in "#".  Reading up to it confirms the session is ready.
$success = $ssh->ChannelReceiveUntilMatch($channelNum,"#","utf-8",$caseSensitive);
if ($success == 0) {
    print $ssh->lastErrorText() . "\r\n";
    exit;
}

$cmdOutput = $ssh->getReceivedText($channelNum,"utf-8");
if ($ssh->get_LastMethodSuccess() == 0) {
    print $ssh->lastErrorText() . "\r\n";
    exit;
}

print $cmdOutput . "\r\n";

#  Send a command and read its output up to the next prompt.
$success = $ssh->ChannelSendString($channelNum,"show clock\n","utf-8");
if ($success == 0) {
    print $ssh->lastErrorText() . "\r\n";
    exit;
}

$success = $ssh->ChannelReceiveUntilMatch($channelNum,"#","utf-8",$caseSensitive);
if ($success == 0) {
    print $ssh->lastErrorText() . "\r\n";
    exit;
}

#  Retrieving the text also clears the receive buffer, which matters: if the prompt were left
#  buffered, the next receive would match it immediately and return the wrong output.
$cmdOutput = $ssh->getReceivedText($channelNum,"utf-8");
if ($ssh->get_LastMethodSuccess() == 0) {
    print $ssh->lastErrorText() . "\r\n";
    exit;
}

print $cmdOutput . "\r\n";

#  Additional commands follow the same send / read-to-prompt / retrieve pattern.
$success = $ssh->ChannelSendString($channelNum,"show version\n","utf-8");
if ($success == 0) {
    print $ssh->lastErrorText() . "\r\n";
    exit;
}

$success = $ssh->ChannelReceiveUntilMatch($channelNum,"#","utf-8",$caseSensitive);
if ($success == 0) {
    print $ssh->lastErrorText() . "\r\n";
    exit;
}

$cmdOutput = $ssh->getReceivedText($channelNum,"utf-8");
if ($ssh->get_LastMethodSuccess() == 0) {
    print $ssh->lastErrorText() . "\r\n";
    exit;
}

print $cmdOutput . "\r\n";

$ssh->Disconnect();